Dates and Times

Dates and Times

Keyboard Maestro offers a very full featured set of date and time tokens, formats, and calculations.

Date/Time tokens are like text expansion codes that return date/time values as text in the specified format.

Examples

1. Get Current Date/Time

The most commonly used token is for returning the current date/time in the format you like:

%ICUDateTime%format% where format is from the ICU Date/Time codes.

For example, using the Set Variable to Text Action:

2. Add Time to Date

This example adds days to the current date using a Keyboard Maestro Variable. See below for other options.

For more info see this Forum Topic: Add Time to Current Date @Example, which provides instructions and a complete macro.

Date/Time Formats

Here are some common examples:

Usage	Token and Format	Results
ISO/International	%ICUDateTime%yyyy-MM-dd%	2015-11-28
Australia Europe	%ICUDateTime%dd/MM/yyyy%	28/11/2015
United States	%ICUDateTime%EEE, MMM d, yyyy%	Sat, Nov 28, 2015
United States	%ICUDateTime%MM/dd/yyyy%	11/28/2015
Use in File Name	%ICUDateTime%yyyy-MM-dd-HHmmssA%	2015-11-28-15210755267426

You can embed most any characters you want with the Format Codes.

Format Codes

For the complete list of codes, see the ICU Date/Time codes.

Some Commonly Used Format Codes

Period	Format Code	Example	Results
Year	y¹⁾	yy yyyy	96 1996
Month	M	M MM MMM MMMM	9 09 Sep September
Day	d	d dd	2 02
Weekday Name	E	EEE EEEE	Tue Tuesday
AM/PM	a	a a	am pm
Hour (am/pm)	h	h hh	7 07
Hour (24 hrs)	H	H HH	19 19
Minute	m	m mm	4 04
Second	s	s ss	5 05
Fractional Second (truncates)	S	S SSS	1 123

⚠️ Do not use capital “Y” (year of “Week of Year”) unless you really mean it or you will get oddly strange results at the beginning/end of each year.

Date/Time Tokens & Formulas

Also see Wiki article ICUDateTime token

Date/Time Token/Formula	Example
*%ICUDateTime%<format>%* Returns Current Date/Time (local)	Get Current Date/Time %ICUDateTime%EEE, MMM d, yyyy% ⇒ Sat, Nov 28, 2015
*%ICUDateTimePlus%<Quantity>%<TimeUnit>%<format>%* Adds to Current Date/Time (local)	Add 3 days %ICUDateTimePlus%3%Days%EEE, MMM d, yyyy% ⇒ Tue, Dec 1, 2015
*%ICUDateTimeMinus%<Quantity>%<TimeUnit>%<format>%* Subtracts from Current Date/Time (local)	Subtract 1 month %ICUDateTimeMinus%1%Months%EEE, MMM d, yyyy% ⇒ Wed, Oct 28, 2015
*%ICUDateTimeFor%NOW()<+ or –><Seconds>%format%* Adds or Subtracts from Current Date/Time (GMT)	Add 1 hour to Current GMT %ICUDateTimeFor%NOW()+ *(6060)** %EEE, MMM d, yyyy h:mm% ⇒ Sat, Nov 28, 2015 7:14
*%ICUDateTimeFor% TIME(<Year>, <Month>, <Day> [, <Hour>, <Min>, Sec>])%<format>%* Sets absolute date/time (GMT)	Set absolute date in GMT %ICUDateTimeFor% TIME(2015, 12, 25) %EEE, MMM d, yyyy% ⇒ Thu, Dec 24, 2015 Set absolute date in LOCAL time %ICUDateTimeFor% TIME(2015, 12, 25) - GMTOFFSET() %EEE, MMM d, yyyy% ⇒ Fri, Dec 25, 2015
*%ICUDateTimePlus%<Formula for Quantity>%<TimeUnit>%<format>%* Using functions to calculate date offset.	Get Date for Selected Prior Day Number `%ICUDateTimePlus%-(DOW() + 7 - DayNum)%Days%EEE, MMM d, yyyy%` If Current Date is Dec 25, 2016, and DayNum is 1: ⇒ Sun, Dec 18, 2016 where “DayNum” is the number of the weekday (can be a Variable)

where

<TimeUnit> is one of the following: Seconds, Minutes, Hours, Days, Weeks, Months, Years, or a weekday, Sundays, Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, Fridays, Saturdays.
<Quantity> is the number of <TimeUnit>s
<format> is the format of text returned, using the ICU Date/Time codes
NOW() and TIME() functions return the current time in GMT
<+ or –> is the operator to add (+) or subtract (–)
<Seconds> is the number of seconds to add/subtract
[ ] indicate optional terms
<Year>, <Month>, <Day>, <Hour>, <Min>, Sec> are in integer units for the indicated period.

Since TIME() and NOW() returns the specified date/time in GMT , you can adjust for your local time zone by subtracting the GMTOFFSET() function

%ICUDateTimeFor% TIME(2015, 12, 25) - GMTOFFSET() %EEE, MMM d, yyyy% ⇒ Fri, Dec 25, 2015

Date/Time Functions and Calculations

Here are some other date/time related tokens and functions:

[Editor: Plan to put in table with descriptions]

Mixing Functions and Tokens

You might expect “%ICUDateTimeFor%TIME(2017, 1, 1)%EEE, MMM d, yyyy%” to yield Sun, Jan 1, 2017. However, it may yield Sat, Dec 31, 2016, depending on your local time zone.

Here is why:

The TIME() function takes and returns the values in GMT.
The %ICUDateTimeFor% token displays the localized time.
Thus, for TIME(Year, Month, Day) (which is in GMT), the ICUDateTimeFor displayed date in local time will be one less for anyone with a negative time zone offset.
It is best is to use TIME(Year, Month, Day, 12, 0, 0) which will give noon GMT time, and thus the same day in local time for pretty much everyone in the world (everyone with time zone differences strictly between -12 hours and +12 hours).

So, if you use “%ICUDateTimeFor%TIME(2017, 1, 1 , 12, 0, 0)%EEE, MMM d, yyyy%” you will now get the expected result of Sun, Jan 1, 2017

Discussion on Keyboard Maestro Forum

For a more complete discussion on the many different ways to use date and times, see KM dates & times: Notes on anchors, intervals, and translations (Aug 2015), with contributions by @ComplexPoint, @peternlewis, and others.

Localization

Prior to Mojave, and after Keyboard Maestro 9.0, dates should be in your chosen language. Unfortunately Apple changed Mojave and later to make the system return dates only in the Keyboard Maestro localized language (ie, English), regardless of your chosen locale. Keyboard Maestro 9.0 works around this by claiming to be in all locales, even though it is really only localized for English itself.

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