Calculations

Keyboard Maestro supports calculations in almost any numeric text fields. For example you can Pause for “60*Time in Minutes”. Calculations can also use comma separated lists of numbers as arrays, and can return such arrays, so you can operate on rectangle frames and points. Numeric fields often start small with up/down step arrows, but if you type anything other than a number they will expand to allow a more complex expression to be entered. You can tell that a field accepts calculations because a small C shows in the field while editing it.

For example:

will result in the mouse being placed at the center of the front window.

Note: You must use commas for this purpose, and full stops (.) for decimal numbers, and never use any thousands separators, regardless of your desired language.

Keyboard Maestro’s expressions include precedence, nested bracketed expressions, many built-in functions, various numeric bases, so you should be able to write almost any expressions you might like to use, as well as use it as a general purpose calculator if desired.

Operators based on precedence from lowest to highest are:

Numbers are in decimal by default, but may use base 16 if they start with $ or 0x (eg $5A or 0x5A), or may start with a specific base followed by a # (eg 8#007). Numbers may include underscores, for example 1000000 or 0xABCD_EF89.

Variables can be used if they contain numeric expressions, including an array of numbers separated by commas, in which case you can use an array index to select the desired number.

You can use either = or == for testing for equality.

Operators and functions must be in uppercase to minimize conflict with variables.

The available functions are listed on the wiki Functions page.

You can insert a function by name by choosing from the Edit ➤ Insert Function menu or choosing the Edit ➤ Insert Function by Name menu.

In numeric calculation fields, Variable Names are used without the % that are used in text token fields. Do not try to use tokens (like %Variable%MyVar%) in numeric calculation fields, just use MyVar by itself. The variable must contain a valid numeric value, or an expression that evaluates to a valid numeric value. So for example, if MyVar contains a text value of 2*3, then the calculation 4*MyVar will return 24.

If a variable contains a sequence of numbers separated by comma (,) then you can access that variable using array notation (eg MyVar[5]). So if variable MyVar has a text value of 10,20,30,40,50,60, MyVar[5] will return 50.

The index is itself an expression, so it can be arbitrarily complex.

Indices are 1-based, so MyVar[1] is the first element. If the index is 0, the size of the array is returned (so MyVar[0] would be 6). If the index is less than zero, the array is indexed from the end (so MyVar[-5] would be 20).

Keyboard Maestro refers to screen coordinates as two or four comma separated numbers in the text of a Keyboard Maestro Variable (which is always a string).

Screen object points, like the left,top position of a window, have two values, like 12,34.

Screen object rectangles, like the frame of a window, have four values 12,34,56,78 (with a fifth value for fuzz in some instances).

In a Calculation field you can reference the numbers in a Keyboard Maestro Variable (which is always a string) using dot notation:

For example if the Variable myWindow is “12,34,56,78” then all of these forms of reference will provide a value of 34 in a Calculation field:

• myWindow[2]
• myWindow.y
• myWindow.Top

The Variable Name and Dot reference are case insensitive.

In calculation fields, you can express a calculation as you would normally write an expression, for example:

3 * Count + 7

However in a text field, since any text is allowed, you must use percent encoded tokens to indicate where more processing is required. You can include a variable in the text by using the %Variable% token, or you can use a calculation by using the %Calculate% token, or any number of other Tokens.

The result is %Calculate% 3 * Count + 7 %.

Amount in Dollars * 100
MJD() > 55928
NOW() > TIME(2023,3,23,12,2,1)
DOW(TIME(2023,4,4)) = 4
Radius*SIN(20°),Radius*COS(20°)
Window Frame[1]+Window Frame[3]/2,Window Frame.MidY
MOUSEBUTTON() + 2 * MOUSEBUTTON(4)
SCREEN(Internal,Left,10%)